域名暂无法进行网站备案淘宝店有给网站做优化am

域名暂无法进行网站备案,淘宝店有给网站做优化am,wordpress 添加文章归档,wordpress助手网C# 操作系统常用命令操作完全指南 一、引言 在C#应用程序开发中#xff0c;经常需要与操作系统进行交互#xff0c;执行各种系统命令和操作。无论是文件管理、进程控制、网络操作还是系统信息获取#xff0c;C#都提供了强大的类库来简化这些任务。本文将全面介绍在C#中执行…C# 操作系统常用命令操作完全指南一、引言在C#应用程序开发中经常需要与操作系统进行交互执行各种系统命令和操作。无论是文件管理、进程控制、网络操作还是系统信息获取C#都提供了强大的类库来简化这些任务。本文将全面介绍在C#中执行操作系统常用命令的各种方法和技术涵盖从基础到高级的完整解决方案。二、System.Diagnostics.Process 类基础2.1 基本命令执行csharpusing System; using System.Diagnostics; public class BasicCommandExecutor { /// summary /// 执行简单命令并获取输出 /// /summary public static string ExecuteCommand(string command, string arguments ) { try { ProcessStartInfo startInfo new ProcessStartInfo { FileName command, Arguments arguments, RedirectStandardOutput true, RedirectStandardError true, UseShellExecute false, CreateNoWindow true, WindowStyle ProcessWindowStyle.Hidden }; using (Process process new Process()) { process.StartInfo startInfo; process.Start(); // 异步读取输出避免死锁 string output process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd(); string error process.StandardError.ReadToEnd(); process.WaitForExit(); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(error)) { return $错误: {error}\n输出: {output}; } return output; } } catch (Exception ex) { return $执行命令时发生错误: {ex.Message}; } } /// summary /// 执行带超时控制的命令 /// /summary public static (bool Success, string Output, string Error) ExecuteCommandWithTimeout( string command, string arguments, int timeoutMilliseconds 30000) { try { using (Process process new Process()) { process.StartInfo new ProcessStartInfo { FileName command, Arguments arguments, RedirectStandardOutput true, RedirectStandardError true, UseShellExecute false, CreateNoWindow true }; process.Start(); // 异步读取输出 string output process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd(); string error process.StandardError.ReadToEnd(); bool exited process.WaitForExit(timeoutMilliseconds); if (!exited) { process.Kill(); return (false, output, 命令执行超时); } return (true, output, error); } } catch (Exception ex) { return (false, string.Empty, $执行错误: {ex.Message}); } } }2.2 异步命令执行csharpusing System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Threading.Tasks; public class AsyncCommandExecutor { /// summary /// 异步执行命令 /// /summary public static async TaskCommandResult ExecuteCommandAsync( string command, string arguments, CancellationToken cancellationToken default) { var result new CommandResult(); try { using (Process process new Process()) { process.StartInfo new ProcessStartInfo { FileName command, Arguments arguments, RedirectStandardOutput true, RedirectStandardError true, RedirectStandardInput true, UseShellExecute false, CreateNoWindow true, StandardOutputEncoding System.Text.Encoding.UTF8, StandardErrorEncoding System.Text.Encoding.UTF8 }; // 输出和错误数据收集 var outputBuilder new StringBuilder(); var errorBuilder new StringBuilder(); process.OutputDataReceived (sender, e) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(e.Data)) { outputBuilder.AppendLine(e.Data); } }; process.ErrorDataReceived (sender, e) { if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(e.Data)) { errorBuilder.AppendLine(e.Data); } }; process.Start(); // 开始异步读取 process.BeginOutputReadLine(); process.BeginErrorReadLine(); // 等待进程退出支持取消 await process.WaitForExitAsync(cancellationToken); result.ExitCode process.ExitCode; result.Output outputBuilder.ToString(); result.Error errorBuilder.ToString(); result.Success process.ExitCode 0; } } catch (OperationCanceledException) { result.WasCancelled true; result.Error 命令执行被取消; } catch (Exception ex) { result.Error $执行错误: {ex.Message}; } return result; } public class CommandResult { public bool Success { get; set; } public int ExitCode { get; set; } public string Output { get; set; } string.Empty; public string Error { get; set; } string.Empty; public bool WasCancelled { get; set; } } } // Process 扩展方法支持异步等待 public static class ProcessExtensions { public static Task WaitForExitAsync(this Process process, CancellationToken cancellationToken default) { var tcs new TaskCompletionSourcebool(); process.EnableRaisingEvents true; process.Exited (sender, args) tcs.TrySetResult(true); if (cancellationToken ! default) { cancellationToken.Register(() tcs.TrySetCanceled()); } return process.HasExited ? Task.CompletedTask : tcs.Task; } }三、常用操作系统命令实现3.1 文件和目录操作命令csharpusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.IO; using System.Linq; public class FileSystemCommands { /// summary /// 实现 dir/ls 命令功能 /// /summary public static string ListDirectoryContents(string path ., bool showDetails false) { try { if (!Directory.Exists(path)) return $目录不存在: {path}; var directories Directory.GetDirectories(path); var files Directory.GetFiles(path); var result new Liststring(); if (showDetails) { // 详细列表模式 result.Add($目录: {Path.GetFullPath(path)}); result.Add($创建时间: {Directory.GetCreationTime(path)}); result.Add(); // 目录列表 foreach (var dir in directories) { var info new DirectoryInfo(dir); result.Add(${info.CreationTime:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} DIR {info.Name}); } // 文件列表 foreach (var file in files) { var info new FileInfo(file); result.Add(${info.CreationTime:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} {info.Length,15:N0} {info.Name}); } result.Add(); result.Add($总计: {directories.Length} 个目录, {files.Length} 个文件); } else { // 简单列表模式 foreach (var dir in directories) { result.Add($[{Path.GetFileName(dir)}]); } foreach (var file in files) { result.Add(Path.GetFileName(file)); } } return string.Join(Environment.NewLine, result); } catch (Exception ex) { return $错误: {ex.Message}; } } /// summary /// 复制文件/目录 /// /summary public static (bool Success, string Message) Copy(string source, string destination, bool recursive false) { try { // 如果是目录 if (Directory.Exists(source)) { if (!recursive) return (false, 复制目录需要使用 -r 参数); // 创建目标目录 Directory.CreateDirectory(destination); // 复制所有文件 foreach (var file in Directory.GetFiles(source)) { var destFile Path.Combine(destination, Path.GetFileName(file)); File.Copy(file, destFile, true); } // 递归复制子目录 if (recursive) { foreach (var dir in Directory.GetDirectories(source)) { var destDir Path.Combine(destination, Path.GetFileName(dir)); Copy(dir, destDir, true); } } return (true, $目录复制成功: {source} - {destination}); } // 如果是文件 else if (File.Exists(source)) { File.Copy(source, destination, true); return (true, $文件复制成功: {source} - {destination}); } else { return (false, $源不存在: {source}); } } catch (Exception ex) { return (false, $复制失败: {ex.Message}); } } /// summary /// 删除文件/目录 /// /summary public static (bool Success, string Message) Delete(string path, bool recursive false, bool force false) { try { if (Directory.Exists(path)) { if (recursive) { Directory.Delete(path, true); return (true, $目录删除成功: {path}); } else { // 检查目录是否为空 if (Directory.GetFiles(path).Length 0 Directory.GetDirectories(path).Length 0) { Directory.Delete(path); return (true, $目录删除成功: {path}); } else { return (false, 目录非空请使用 -r 参数强制删除); } } } else if (File.Exists(path)) { File.Delete(path); return (true, $文件删除成功: {path}); } else { return (false, $路径不存在: {path}); } } catch (Exception ex) { return (false, $删除失败: {ex.Message}); } } /// summary /// 创建目录 /// /summary public static (bool Success, string Message) CreateDirectory(string path, bool createParents false) { try { if (createParents) { Directory.CreateDirectory(path); } else { // 检查父目录是否存在 var parent Path.GetDirectoryName(path); if (!Directory.Exists(parent)) return (false, $父目录不存在: {parent}); Directory.CreateDirectory(path); } return (true, $目录创建成功: {path}); } catch (Exception ex) { return (false, $创建目录失败: {ex.Message}); } } }3.2 系统信息命令csharpusing System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Management; using System.Net.NetworkInformation; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; public class SystemInfoCommands { /// summary /// 获取系统信息类似 systeminfo 命令 /// /summary public static string GetSystemInformation() { var info new System.Text.StringBuilder(); try { // 操作系统信息 info.AppendLine(操作系统信息:); info.AppendLine($ 系统名称: {RuntimeInformation.OSDescription}); info.AppendLine($ 系统架构: {RuntimeInformation.OSArchitecture}); info.AppendLine($ 框架描述: {RuntimeInformation.FrameworkDescription}); info.AppendLine(); // 内存信息 info.AppendLine(内存信息:); var memoryStatus GetMemoryStatus(); info.AppendLine($ 物理内存总量: {memoryStatus.TotalPhysicalMB:N0} MB); info.AppendLine($ 可用物理内存: {memoryStatus.AvailablePhysicalMB:N0} MB); info.AppendLine($ 虚拟内存总量: {memoryStatus.TotalVirtualMB:N0} MB); info.AppendLine($ 可用虚拟内存: {memoryStatus.AvailableVirtualMB:N0} MB); info.AppendLine(); // CPU信息 info.AppendLine(处理器信息:); var cpuInfo GetCpuInfo(); info.AppendLine($ 处理器: {cpuInfo.Name}); info.AppendLine($ 核心数: {cpuInfo.CoreCount}); info.AppendLine($ 线程数: {cpuInfo.LogicalProcessorCount}); info.AppendLine(); // 磁盘信息 info.AppendLine(磁盘信息:); foreach (var drive in DriveInfo.GetDrives()) { if (drive.IsReady) { info.AppendLine($ {drive.Name} ({drive.DriveType})); info.AppendLine($ 总容量: {drive.TotalSize / (1024 * 1024 * 1024):N2} GB); info.AppendLine($ 可用空间: {drive.TotalFreeSpace / (1024 * 1024 * 1024):N2} GB); info.AppendLine($ 文件系统: {drive.DriveFormat}); } } info.AppendLine(); // 网络信息 info.AppendLine(网络适配器信息:); foreach (var nic in NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces()) { if (nic.OperationalStatus OperationalStatus.Up) { info.AppendLine($ {nic.Name} ({nic.NetworkInterfaceType})); info.AppendLine($ MAC地址: {nic.GetPhysicalAddress()}); foreach (var ip in nic.GetIPProperties().UnicastAddresses) { info.AppendLine($ IP地址: {ip.Address}); } } } } catch (Exception ex) { info.AppendLine($获取系统信息时出错: {ex.Message}); } return info.ToString(); } private static (long TotalPhysicalMB, long AvailablePhysicalMB, long TotalVirtualMB, long AvailableVirtualMB) GetMemoryStatus() { if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) { // Windows 系统使用 PerformanceCounter 或 WMI try { using (var pc new PerformanceCounter(Memory, Available MBytes)) { var availableMB pc.NextValue(); // 注意这里需要其他方法获取总内存简化处理 return (16384, (long)availableMB, 32768, 16384); // 示例值 } } catch { return (0, 0, 0, 0); } } else { // Linux/Mac 系统 return (0, 0, 0, 0); // 简化处理 } } private static (string Name, int CoreCount, int LogicalProcessorCount) GetCpuInfo() { try { var name Unknown; var coreCount Environment.ProcessorCount; if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) { using (var searcher new ManagementObjectSearcher(SELECT * FROM Win32_Processor)) { foreach (ManagementObject obj in searcher.Get()) { name obj[Name].ToString(); break; } } } return (name, coreCount, coreCount); // 简化处理实际需要区分物理核心和逻辑核心 } catch { return (Unknown, Environment.ProcessorCount, Environment.ProcessorCount); } } /// summary /// 获取进程列表类似 tasklist 命令 /// /summary public static string GetProcessList(bool showDetails false) { var processes Process.GetProcesses(); var result new System.Text.StringBuilder(); if (showDetails) { result.AppendLine(进程名\tPID\t内存使用(MB)\t启动时间); result.AppendLine(new string(-, 60)); foreach (var proc in processes.OrderBy(p p.ProcessName)) { try { var memoryMB proc.WorkingSet64 / (1024 * 1024); var startTime proc.StartTime; result.AppendLine(${proc.ProcessName}\t{proc.Id}\t{memoryMB:N0}\t{startTime:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss}); } catch { // 无权限访问某些进程信息 result.AppendLine(${proc.ProcessName}\t{proc.Id}\tN/A\tN/A); } } } else { foreach (var proc in processes.OrderBy(p p.ProcessName)) { result.AppendLine(${proc.ProcessName} ({proc.Id})); } } result.AppendLine(); result.AppendLine($总计: {processes.Length} 个进程); return result.ToString(); } }3.3 网络相关命令csharpusing System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Net; using System.Net.NetworkInformation; using System.Net.Sockets; using System.Threading.Tasks; public class NetworkCommands { /// summary /// Ping 命令实现 /// /summary public static async Taskstring PingHost(string host, int count 4, int timeout 1000) { var result new System.Text.StringBuilder(); using (var ping new System.Net.NetworkInformation.Ping()) { result.AppendLine($正在 Ping {host} 具有 32 字节的数据:); int successCount 0; long totalTime 0; long minTime long.MaxValue; long maxTime 0; for (int i 0; i count; i) { try { var reply await ping.SendPingAsync(host, timeout); if (reply.Status IPStatus.Success) { successCount; totalTime reply.RoundtripTime; if (reply.RoundtripTime minTime) minTime reply.RoundtripTime; if (reply.RoundtripTime maxTime) maxTime reply.RoundtripTime; result.AppendLine($来自 {reply.Address} 的回复: 字节32 时间{reply.RoundtripTime}ms TTL{128}); } else { result.AppendLine($请求超时。); } // 等待1秒 await Task.Delay(1000); } catch (Exception ex) { result.AppendLine($Ping 请求失败: {ex.Message}); } } // 统计信息 result.AppendLine(); result.AppendLine(${host} 的 Ping 统计信息:); result.AppendLine($ 数据包: 已发送 {count}, 已接收 {successCount}, 丢失 {count - successCount} ({(count - successCount) * 100.0 / count}% 丢失)); if (successCount 0) { result.AppendLine($往返行程的估计时间(以毫秒为单位):); result.AppendLine($ 最短 {minTime}ms最长 {maxTime}ms平均 {totalTime / successCount}ms); } return result.ToString(); } } /// summary /// 端口扫描简单实现 /// /summary public static async Taskstring ScanPorts(string host, int startPort 1, int endPort 1024, int timeout 100) { var result new System.Text.StringBuilder(); result.AppendLine($正在扫描 {host} 的端口 {startPort}-{endPort}...); int openPorts 0; var tasks new ListTask(); // 限制并发数 var semaphore new System.Threading.SemaphoreSlim(100); for (int port startPort; port endPort; port) { await semaphore.WaitAsync(); tasks.Add(Task.Run(async () { try { using (var client new TcpClient()) { var task client.ConnectAsync(host, port); if (await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeout)) task) { if (client.Connected) { lock (result) { result.AppendLine($端口 {port}: 开放); openPorts; } client.Close(); } } } } catch { // 端口关闭 } finally { semaphore.Release(); } })); } await Task.WhenAll(tasks); result.AppendLine(); result.AppendLine($扫描完成。发现 {openPorts} 个开放端口。); return result.ToString(); } /// summary /// 获取网络配置信息类似 ipconfig /// /summary public static string GetNetworkConfiguration() { var result new System.Text.StringBuilder(); try { var interfaces NetworkInterface.GetAllNetworkInterfaces(); foreach (var ni in interfaces) { result.AppendLine($适配器: {ni.Name}); result.AppendLine($ 描述: {ni.Description}); result.AppendLine($ 类型: {ni.NetworkInterfaceType}); result.AppendLine($ 物理地址: {ni.GetPhysicalAddress()}); result.AppendLine($ 状态: {ni.OperationalStatus}); result.AppendLine($ 速度: {ni.Speed / 1000000} Mbps); var ipProperties ni.GetIPProperties(); // DNS 服务器 foreach (var dns in ipProperties.DnsAddresses) { result.AppendLine($ DNS 服务器: {dns}); } // IP 地址 foreach (var ip in ipProperties.UnicastAddresses) { result.AppendLine($ IP 地址: {ip.Address}); result.AppendLine($ 子网掩码: {ip.IPv4Mask}); } // 网关 foreach (var gateway in ipProperties.GatewayAddresses) { result.AppendLine($ 网关: {gateway.Address}); } result.AppendLine(); } // 获取公共IP地址 try { using (var webClient new WebClient()) { string publicIP webClient.DownloadString(https://api.ipify.org); result.AppendLine($公共IP地址: {publicIP}); } } catch { result.AppendLine(无法获取公共IP地址); } } catch (Exception ex) { result.AppendLine($获取网络配置时出错: {ex.Message}); } return result.ToString(); } }3.4 进程和服务管理命令csharpusing System; using System.Diagnostics; using System.Linq; using System.ServiceProcess; public class ProcessServiceCommands { /// summary /// 启动进程 /// /summary public static (bool Success, string Message) StartProcess( string fileName, string arguments , bool runAsAdmin false) { try { var startInfo new ProcessStartInfo { FileName fileName, Arguments arguments, UseShellExecute true }; if (runAsAdmin) { startInfo.Verb runas; } var process Process.Start(startInfo); return process ! null ? (true, $进程启动成功: {fileName}) : (false, 进程启动失败); } catch (Exception ex) { return (false, $启动进程失败: {ex.Message}); } } /// summary /// 停止进程 /// /summary public static (bool Success, string Message) StopProcess(string processName, bool force false) { try { var processes Process.GetProcessesByName(processName); if (processes.Length 0) return (false, $未找到进程: {processName}); foreach (var process in processes) { try { if (force) { process.Kill(); } else { process.CloseMainWindow(); if (!process.WaitForExit(5000)) { process.Kill(); } } } catch (Exception ex) { return (false, $停止进程 {process.ProcessName} ({process.Id}) 失败: {ex.Message}); } } return (true, $成功停止进程: {processName}); } catch (Exception ex) { return (false, $停止进程失败: {ex.Message}); } } /// summary /// 服务管理 /// /summary public static (bool Success, string Message) ManageService( string serviceName, ServiceAction action, int timeoutMilliseconds 30000) { try { using (var service new ServiceController(serviceName)) { switch (action) { case ServiceAction.Start: if (service.Status ServiceControllerStatus.Running) return (false, 服务已经在运行); service.Start(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Running, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds)); break; case ServiceAction.Stop: if (service.Status ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped) return (false, 服务已经停止); service.Stop(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds)); break; case ServiceAction.Restart: service.Stop(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds)); service.Start(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Running, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds)); break; case ServiceAction.Pause: if (service.CanPauseAndContinue) { service.Pause(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Paused, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds)); } else { return (false, 服务不支持暂停); } break; case ServiceAction.Continue: if (service.CanPauseAndContinue) { service.Continue(); service.WaitForStatus(ServiceControllerStatus.Running, TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(timeoutMilliseconds)); } else { return (false, 服务不支持继续); } break; } return (true, $服务 {serviceName} {action} 操作成功); } } catch (InvalidOperationException ex) { return (false, $服务不存在或无权限: {ex.Message}); } catch (Exception ex) { return (false, $服务操作失败: {ex.Message}); } } public enum ServiceAction { Start, Stop, Restart, Pause, Continue } /// summary /// 获取服务列表 /// /summary public static string GetServiceList(ServiceState stateFilter ServiceState.All) { var services ServiceController.GetServices(); var result new System.Text.StringBuilder(); result.AppendLine(服务名称\t显示名称\t状态); result.AppendLine(new string(-, 80)); foreach (var service in services) { bool include false; switch (stateFilter) { case ServiceState.All: include true; break; case ServiceState.Running: include service.Status ServiceControllerStatus.Running; break; case ServiceState.Stopped: include service.Status ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped; break; case ServiceState.Paused: include service.Status ServiceControllerStatus.Paused; break; } if (include) { result.AppendLine(${service.ServiceName}\t{service.DisplayName}\t{service.Status}); } } result.AppendLine(); result.AppendLine($总计: {services.Count(s stateFilter ServiceState.All || (stateFilter ServiceState.Running s.Status ServiceControllerStatus.Running) || (stateFilter ServiceState.Stopped s.Status ServiceControllerStatus.Stopped) || (stateFilter ServiceState.Paused s.Status ServiceControllerStatus.Paused))} 个服务); return result.ToString(); } public enum ServiceState { All, Running, Stopped, Paused } }四、跨平台兼容性处理csharpusing System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; public class CrossPlatformCommandExecutor { /// summary /// 根据操作系统选择合适的命令解释器 /// /summary public static (string Shell, string ArgumentPrefix) GetPlatformShell() { if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) { return (cmd.exe, /c); } else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux) || RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.OSX)) { return (/bin/bash, -c); } else { throw new PlatformNotSupportedException(不支持的操作系统); } } /// summary /// 执行跨平台命令 /// /summary public static async Taskstring ExecuteCrossPlatformCommand(string command) { var (shell, argPrefix) GetPlatformShell(); return await AsyncCommandExecutor.ExecuteCommandAsync(shell, ${argPrefix} \{command}\); } /// summary /// 平台特定的常用命令 /// /summary public static class PlatformCommands { public static string ListFiles() { if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) { return ExecuteCommandSync(cmd.exe, /c dir); } else { return ExecuteCommandSync(/bin/ls, -la); } } public static string GetSystemInfo() { if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) { return ExecuteCommandSync(cmd.exe, /c systeminfo); } else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Linux)) { return ExecuteCommandSync(uname, -a) ExecuteCommandSync(cat, /etc/os-release); } else if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.OSX)) { return ExecuteCommandSync(sw_vers, ); } else { return 未知操作系统; } } private static string ExecuteCommandSync(string command, string arguments) { try { return BasicCommandExecutor.ExecuteCommand(command, arguments); } catch { return string.Empty; } } } }五、安全最佳实践csharpusing System; using System.Security; using System.Security.Principal; using System.Text.RegularExpressions; public class SecureCommandExecutor { /// summary /// 安全的命令执行防止命令注入 /// /summary public static string ExecuteSecureCommand(string command, params string[] args) { // 验证命令是否在白名单中 if (!IsCommandAllowed(command)) { throw new SecurityException($命令不被允许: {command}); } // 验证参数安全性 foreach (var arg in args) { if (!IsArgumentSafe(arg)) { throw new SecurityException($参数包含不安全字符: {arg}); } } // 检查执行权限 if (RequiresElevation(command) !IsRunningAsAdministrator()) { throw new SecurityException(需要管理员权限执行此命令); } // 构建安全的命令参数 var safeArguments BuildSafeArguments(args); return BasicCommandExecutor.ExecuteCommand(command, safeArguments); } /// summary /// 命令白名单验证 /// /summary private static bool IsCommandAllowed(string command) { // 定义允许的命令白名单 var allowedCommands new HashSetstring(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase) { ping, tracert, ipconfig, netstat, dir, ls, cd, copy, move, del, rm, echo, type, cat, find, grep }; // 提取命令名称去除路径 var commandName Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(command); return allowedCommands.Contains(commandName); } /// summary /// 参数安全性验证 /// /summary private static bool IsArgumentSafe(string argument) { // 定义危险字符模式 string dangerousPatterns [;|$]; return !Regex.IsMatch(argument, dangerousPatterns); } /// summary /// 检查是否需要管理员权限 /// /summary private static bool RequiresElevation(string command) { var elevatedCommands new HashSetstring(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase) { net, sc, reg, bcdedit, diskpart }; var commandName Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(command); return elevatedCommands.Contains(commandName); } /// summary /// 检查当前是否以管理员身份运行 /// /summary private static bool IsRunningAsAdministrator() { if (RuntimeInformation.IsOSPlatform(OSPlatform.Windows)) { using (WindowsIdentity identity WindowsIdentity.GetCurrent()) { WindowsPrincipal principal new WindowsPrincipal(identity); return principal.IsInRole(WindowsBuiltInRole.Administrator); } } // 在Linux/Mac上检查是否为root用户 return Environment.UserName root; } /// summary /// 构建安全的命令行参数 /// /summary private static string BuildSafeArguments(string[] args) { // 对参数进行适当的转义和引用 var safeArgs args.Select(arg { // 如果参数包含空格用双引号括起来 if (arg.Contains( )) { return $\{arg.Replace(\, \\\)}\; } return arg; }); return string.Join( , safeArgs); } /// summary /// 安全的文件路径验证 /// /summary public static bool IsValidFilePath(string path, string[] allowedExtensions null) { try { // 检查路径遍历攻击 if (path.Contains(..) || path.Contains(~)) return false; // 获取完整路径 var fullPath Path.GetFullPath(path); // 检查是否在允许的目录中 var allowedDirectories new[] { Environment.CurrentDirectory, Path.GetTempPath(), AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory }; bool isInAllowedDirectory allowedDirectories .Any(dir fullPath.StartsWith(dir, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)); if (!isInAllowedDirectory) return false; // 检查文件扩展名 if (allowedExtensions ! null allowedExtensions.Length 0) { var extension Path.GetExtension(fullPath); if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(extension) || !allowedExtensions.Contains(extension, StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) { return false; } } return true; } catch { return false; } } }六、高级应用构建命令解释器csharpusing System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Threading.Tasks; public class CommandInterpreter { private readonly Dictionarystring, CommandHandler _commands; public CommandInterpreter() { _commands new Dictionarystring, CommandHandler(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); RegisterBuiltInCommands(); } /// summary /// 注册内置命令 /// /summary private void RegisterBuiltInCommands() { RegisterCommand(help, HelpCommand, 显示帮助信息); RegisterCommand(exit, ExitCommand, 退出程序); RegisterCommand(clear, ClearCommand, 清屏); RegisterCommand(echo, EchoCommand, 显示消息); RegisterCommand(cd, ChangeDirectoryCommand, 更改当前目录); RegisterCommand(pwd, PrintWorkingDirectoryCommand, 显示当前目录); RegisterCommand(ls, ListDirectoryCommand, 列出目录内容); RegisterCommand(dir, ListDirectoryCommand, 列出目录内容); } /// summary /// 注册命令处理器 /// /summary public void RegisterCommand(string name, CommandHandler handler, string description ) { _commands[name] handler; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(description)) { // 存储命令描述 } } /// summary /// 执行命令 /// /summary public async TaskCommandResult Execute(string input) { if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(input)) return CommandResult.Empty; var parts ParseCommandLine(input); if (parts.Length 0) return CommandResult.Empty; var commandName parts[0]; var args parts.Skip(1).ToArray(); if (_commands.TryGetValue(commandName, out var handler)) { return await handler(args); } else { // 尝试作为系统命令执行 return await ExecuteSystemCommand(commandName, args); } } /// summary /// 解析命令行 /// /summary private string[] ParseCommandLine(string commandLine) { var result new Liststring(); var current new System.Text.StringBuilder(); bool inQuotes false; for (int i 0; i commandLine.Length; i) { char c commandLine[i]; if (c ) { inQuotes !inQuotes; } else if (c !inQuotes) { if (current.Length 0) { result.Add(current.ToString()); current.Clear(); } } else { current.Append(c); } } if (current.Length 0) { result.Add(current.ToString()); } return result.ToArray(); } /// summary /// 执行系统命令 /// /summary private async TaskCommandResult ExecuteSystemCommand(string command, string[] args) { try { var arguments string.Join( , args.Select(arg arg.Contains( ) ? $\{arg}\ : arg)); var result await AsyncCommandExecutor.ExecuteCommandAsync(command, arguments); return new CommandResult { Success result.Success, Output result.Output, Error result.Error }; } catch (Exception ex) { return new CommandResult { Success false, Error $执行命令失败: {ex.Message} }; } } // 内置命令实现 private async TaskCommandResult HelpCommand(string[] args) { var helpText new System.Text.StringBuilder(); helpText.AppendLine(可用命令:); helpText.AppendLine(); foreach (var cmd in _commands.OrderBy(c c.Key)) { helpText.AppendLine($ {cmd.Key,-15} - 获取命令描述); } helpText.AppendLine(); helpText.AppendLine(系统命令也可以直接使用); return new CommandResult { Success true, Output helpText.ToString() }; } private TaskCommandResult ExitCommand(string[] args) { Environment.Exit(0); return Task.FromResult(new CommandResult { Success true }); } private TaskCommandResult ClearCommand(string[] args) { Console.Clear(); return Task.FromResult(new CommandResult { Success true }); } private TaskCommandResult EchoCommand(string[] args) { return Task.FromResult(new CommandResult { Success true, Output string.Join( , args) }); } private TaskCommandResult ChangeDirectoryCommand(string[] args) { if (args.Length 0) { return Task.FromResult(new CommandResult { Success false, Error 用法: cd 目录 }); } try { Directory.SetCurrentDirectory(args[0]); return Task.FromResult(new CommandResult { Success true, Output $当前目录: {Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()} }); } catch (Exception ex) { return Task.FromResult(new CommandResult { Success false, Error $cd 失败: {ex.Message} }); } } private TaskCommandResult PrintWorkingDirectoryCommand(string[] args) { return Task.FromResult(new CommandResult { Success true, Output Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() }); } private TaskCommandResult ListDirectoryCommand(string[] args) { bool showDetails args.Contains(-l) || args.Contains(/l); var output FileSystemCommands.ListDirectoryContents(., showDetails); return Task.FromResult(new CommandResult { Success true, Output output }); } public delegate TaskCommandResult CommandHandler(string[] args); public class CommandResult { public bool Success { get; set; } public string Output { get; set; } string.Empty; public string Error { get; set; } string.Empty; public static CommandResult Empty new CommandResult(); } } // 使用示例 public class CommandInterpreterDemo { public static async Task Run() { var interpreter new CommandInterpreter(); Console.WriteLine(命令解释器已启动。输入 help 查看可用命令。); Console.WriteLine(输入 exit 退出。); Console.WriteLine(); while (true) { Console.Write(${Directory.GetCurrentDirectory()} ); var input Console.ReadLine(); if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(input)) continue; var result await interpreter.Execute(input); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.Output)) { Console.WriteLine(result.Output); } if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(result.Error)) { Console.ForegroundColor ConsoleColor.Red; Console.WriteLine(result.Error); Console.ResetColor(); } Console.WriteLine(); } } }七、性能优化和最佳实践7.1 命令执行性能优化csharppublic class OptimizedCommandExecutor { private static readonly ConcurrentDictionarystring, ProcessStartInfo _commandCache new ConcurrentDictionarystring, ProcessStartInfo(); /// summary /// 使用缓存的ProcessStartInfo执行命令 /// /summary public static async Taskstring ExecuteCachedCommand(string command, string arguments) { var cacheKey ${command}|{arguments}; if (!_commandCache.TryGetValue(cacheKey, out var startInfo)) { startInfo new ProcessStartInfo { FileName command, Arguments arguments, RedirectStandardOutput true, RedirectStandardError true, UseShellExecute false, CreateNoWindow true, StandardOutputEncoding Encoding.UTF8, StandardErrorEncoding Encoding.UTF8 }; _commandCache[cacheKey] startInfo; } return await ExecuteWithStartInfo(startInfo); } private static async Taskstring ExecuteWithStartInfo(ProcessStartInfo startInfo) { try { using (var process new Process()) { process.StartInfo startInfo; process.Start(); var outputTask process.StandardOutput.ReadToEndAsync(); var errorTask process.StandardError.ReadToEndAsync(); await process.WaitForExitAsync(); var output await outputTask; var error await errorTask; if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(error)) { return $错误: {error}\n输出: {output}; } return output; } } catch (Exception ex) { return $执行命令时发生错误: {ex.Message}; } } /// summary /// 批量命令执行优化 /// /summary public static async TaskListCommandResult ExecuteBatchCommands( IEnumerable(string Command, string Arguments) commands, int maxConcurrency 5) { var results new ListCommandResult(); var semaphore new SemaphoreSlim(maxConcurrency); var tasks commands.Select(async cmd { await semaphore.WaitAsync(); try { var result await AsyncCommandExecutor.ExecuteCommandAsync(cmd.Command, cmd.Arguments); lock (results) { results.Add(result); } return result; } finally { semaphore.Release(); } }); await Task.WhenAll(tasks); return results; } }7.2 资源管理和清理csharppublic class ResourceAwareCommandExecutor : IDisposable { private readonly ListProcess _activeProcesses new ListProcess(); private readonly CancellationTokenSource _cancellationTokenSource new CancellationTokenSource(); private bool _disposed false; /// summary /// 执行命令并自动管理资源 /// /summary public async TaskCommandResult ExecuteCommandWithResourceManagement( string command, string arguments, int timeoutMilliseconds 30000) { var process new Process(); _activeProcesses.Add(process); try { process.StartInfo new ProcessStartInfo { FileName command, Arguments arguments, RedirectStandardOutput true, RedirectStandardError true, UseShellExecute false, CreateNoWindow true }; process.Start(); var outputTask process.StandardOutput.ReadToEndAsync(); var errorTask process.StandardError.ReadToEndAsync(); // 使用带超时的等待 var completedTask await Task.WhenAny( Task.WhenAll(outputTask, errorTask, process.WaitForExitAsync(_cancellationTokenSource.Token)), Task.Delay(timeoutMilliseconds, _cancellationTokenSource.Token) ); if (completedTask Task.Delay(timeoutMilliseconds, _cancellationTokenSource.Token).Result) { process.Kill(); return new CommandResult { Success false, Error 命令执行超时 }; } return new CommandResult { Success process.ExitCode 0, Output await outputTask, Error await errorTask, ExitCode process.ExitCode }; } finally { _activeProcesses.Remove(process); process.Dispose(); } } /// summary /// 停止所有正在执行的命令 /// /summary public void StopAllCommands() { _cancellationTokenSource.Cancel(); foreach (var process in _activeProcesses.ToArray()) { try { if (!process.HasExited) { process.Kill(); } } catch { // 忽略清理过程中的异常 } } _activeProcesses.Clear(); } public void Dispose() { Dispose(true); GC.SuppressFinalize(this); } protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing) { if (!_disposed) { if (disposing) { StopAllCommands(); _cancellationTokenSource.Dispose(); } _disposed true; } } ~ResourceAwareCommandExecutor() { Dispose(false); } }八、总结本文详细介绍了在C#中执行操作系统命令的多种方法和技术涵盖了基础命令执行使用Process类执行基本命令支持同步和异步操作常用命令实现文件操作、系统信息、网络命令、进程管理等跨平台兼容处理不同操作系统的差异安全性考虑防止命令注入实施权限检查高级应用构建完整的命令解释器性能优化缓存、批量处理和资源管理在实际开发中应根据具体需求选择合适的方法。对于简单的命令执行可以使用基本的Process类对于需要复杂交互的场景建议使用异步方法和资源管理对于安全性要求高的应用必须实施严格的安全检查。记住执行系统命令时始终要验证用户输入实施最小权限原则处理异常情况清理所有资源记录重要操作通过本文介绍的技术和最佳实践您可以在C#应用程序中安全、高效地执行各种操作系统命令构建功能强大的系统管理工具。